How does the runway numbering system operate?

The runway numbering system is based on the magnetic heading of the runway, rounded to the nearest ten degrees. This means that if a runway is oriented at a magnetic heading of, for example, 250 degrees, it would be designated as runway 25. This method helps pilots identify the runway’s direction for takeoff and landing, ensuring they align correctly with the runway during approach and departure.

The system is crucial for navigation and safety, allowing pilots to quickly determine the correct runway to use based on their intended flight path. Understanding the runway number also helps in maintaining effective communication between pilots and air traffic controllers, as they will refer to runways using these designated numbers.

The other options, while potentially relevant to different aspects of aviation, do not accurately describe how runways are numbered. For instance, aircraft model numbers and types pertain to specific operational characteristics and not to runway orientation, while factors like wind direction influence takeoff and landing decisions but do not determine runway numbering.