Which axis of movement is primarily controlled by elevators?

The correct choice is the lateral axis. Elevators are primarily responsible for controlling an aircraft's pitch, which refers to the up and down movement of the nose of the aircraft. This movement occurs around the lateral axis, an imaginary line that runs from wingtip to wingtip. When the elevator is deflected, it changes the angle of attack of the tail section, causing the nose of the aircraft to move upwards or downwards.

The other options represent different types of movement axes: the longitudinal axis relates to roll (rotation around the aircraft's length), the vertical axis pertains to yaw (side-to-side movement of the nose), and the angular axis is a more generalized term that doesn't specify a direction of pitch, roll, or yaw. The specific role of elevators in pitch control directly ties them to the lateral axis of movement.